Contribuição para o estudo da variabilidade climática em Moçambique: a influência do Enso

Abstract

The aim of this work is to investigate the climate variability and the relationship between the El-Nifio-South Oscillation phenomenon with climatic elements (precipitation, temperature, pressure and wind) in Mozambique for summer (DJF) and winter (JJA). The analyzed data are monthly averages of the climatic elements, in 13 stations in the country, in the period from 1966 to 1995 (30 years). In this sense, after a brief characterization of Mozambique, the climate type was classified, characterized by the tropical climate, the factors that influence the climate of this region, description of the Enso and Anti-Enso episode and its contribution to the climate of Mozambique. There is also talk of the 1982-83 Enso, due to its great intensity, covering most of the Mozambican territory. From a practical point of view: A graphic representation of the frequency distribution was made in 13 meteorological stations (Maputo, Xai-xai, Inhambane, Vilanculos, Beira, Chimoio, Quelimane, Nampula, Lichinga, Pemba, Montepuez, Mocimboa da Praia), where the observations were made, in turn subjected to calculations of means and standard deviation. It should also be mentioned that the quarterly average was calculated for the months of DJF, MAM, JJA, SON, later, the normalized anomalies were calculated, with the help of a program in the Statistica 6.0 software. The pressure was reduced to sea level through the hydrostatic equation (equation 4.4.4). Then the SOI is correlated with each climate element for every three months of the year. In this work, the following was concluded: Precipitation- Considering January as the wettest month and July the driest, the El Nino phenomenon has a greater influence on summer than on winter, being mitigated in some cases by local factors. The most affected area is the southern region, followed by the center and finally the northern region. Its standard deviation is between 1 mm in Tete and 164 mm in Quelimane. The summer precipitation with advance of 3, 6 months, correlates significantly with SOI of MAM, DJF respectively, being little significant in winter. The average temperature varies between 19°C in Lichinga and 30°C in Tete in the months of July and January respectively. Its standard deviation is 0.04°C in Quelimane and 2°C in Tete. The summer temperature with an advance of 6.3 months has a significant correlation with the SOI of JJA, SON, respectively, and the correlation between the winter temperature and the SOI of DJF (6 months before), SON (9 months before) is not significant. For pressure and wind the standard deviation is not significant during Enso. (TRADUÇÃO NOSSA)