Processos e problemas de reconstrução social pós-guerra civil: o caso do distrito do Lago-Niassa

Abstract

It is intended, as the main objective of this work on ''Processes and Problems of Post Civil War Social Reconstruction: the case of the District of Lago-Niassa", to describe the historical context of the region and society of the District of Lago-Niassa, victim of a Historical-National situation, the War of Socio-Economic Stabilization in Mozambique that can, at least in part, explain how it affected the population of the Lago-Niassa district region and what are the processes and problems of post-war social reconstruction, existing at the level of returnees and society in general, and in particular the inhabitants of the Lago-Niassa district. The period under study is extensive, starting in 1975, the phase of national independence, and ending in 1995, the phase of post-war national reconstruction. This long period is subdivided into three main phases: from 1975 to 1985, corresponds to the period before the civil war in the region of the Lago-Niassa district and, at the same time, it constitutes the post-war period (this region had just come out of the great National Liberation War). The second period starts from the end of 1985, when the region of the district of Lago-Niassa is affected by the civil war that culminates in the devastation and degradation of its main existing rural villages throughout the district, as well as its main social infrastructure, roads, bridges, schools and health posts, until the date of the signing of the General Peace Agreements (AGP) in Rome, on 4 October 1992, which culminated in the ceasefire in Mozambique. The last period corresponds to the post-war reconstruction phase in Mozambique and starts from 1992 to the present date. However, it was also pertinent to make a brief description of the penultimate colonial period in the region of the Lago-Niassa district, around 1970-1974, in order to understand the social dynamics of this District, as it is the phase of socio-political transition in Mozambique. . Therefore, this work is organized into four chapters. The first chapter, describes the objectives, puts the problem under study, presents the hypotheses, the method and the sources. The second chapter presents a description of the location and situation of the geographic space, population, economy and socio-political situation of the last period of colonial time (circa 1970-1974) and the first years of National Independence (circa from 1975-1985). In the third chapter, the entire process of the (civil) war of socio-economic destabilization in the region of the Lago-Niassa district is described, since its beginning, its intensity and duration, as well as its impact that was characterized in the depopulation and the degradation of social fabric and infrastructure. The fourth chapter (key chapter of this work) presents the main processes and strategies of social reconstruction at different stages, the participation of the State, the Church and NGOs in social reconstruction, the perspectives of different groups in social reconstruction and the main problems that affect in terms of social reconstruction. The work ends with the presentation of a brief conclusion, a bibliographical list and attachment of some formal interviews carried out during the study.